Page 22 -

tܳ ࢤۚೠ ࠗ੿ഋ n’t ӛ੿ഋҗ ҳ࠙ೞӝ

ޖदೞח t ߊ਺ী ੊ࣼ೧૑૑ ঋਵݶ ӛ੿ޙҗ ࠗ੿ޙਸ ҳ࠙ೞӝ য۰ਕ૘פ׮
о੢ ഁт۰ೞח canҗ can’tܳ ನೣ೧ ׮নೠ ࠗ੿ഋਸ ٛҊ ߊ਺ೞח োणਸ ೧
ࠅөਃ

can vs. can’t

ӛ੿ഋ can਷ ডೞѱ ߊ਺ೞח و ݃ח و ૑աцפ׮ ӛ੿ഋ ઑزࢎח Ӓঠ݈۽
زࢎ੄ ࠁઑ৉ೡ݅ ೞח ࠄۿ੄ ղਊী ௾ ৔ೱਸ ޷஖૑ ঋח ݈੉ӝ ٸޙੑפ
׮ ޛۿ ౠ߹ೠ ੄بܳ о૑Ҋ ъઑೞח ҃਋ח ৘৻ભ
؀न ࠗ੿ഋ can’tח ఃগঙ[‚ Q@ਵ۽ ݽ਺ਸ טৈ ъઑ೧ࢲ ߊ਺೤פ׮ খࢲ ࠄ
ߊ਺ णҙী ٮۄ not੄ ୷ডഋ -n’tীࢲ tח ߊ਺ೞ૑ ঋભ

℆ I can do it. >DL Q Gk LW@

I can’t do it. >DL q Q GX LW@

ℇ I can understand. >DL Q !QGV qQ G @
I can’t understand. >DL q Q !QGV qQ G @

℆ ℇ can਷ ௾[ Q@ can’tח ఃগঙ[ q Q@ੑפ׮ tܳ ߊ਺ೞ૑ ঋب۾ ਬ੄ೞࣁਃ
ℇ understandীࢲ stח rźŭs۽ ܻࣗ աҊ ݃૑݄ dח ࢤۚೞҊ ߊ਺ೞח ҃਋о ݆णפ׮

׮নೠ ࠗ੿ഋী ੸਽ೞӝ
don’t/doesn’t/didn’tҗ couldn’t/wouldn’tীࢲب -n’t[nt]ীࢲ tо ߊ਺غ૑
ঋणפ׮ ৈӝীࢲח ઑزࢎ زࢎਗഋ ਵ۽ زࢎܳ ъઑೠ ਊߨҗ ࠺Үೞݶࢲ
ࠗ੿ഋ ઑزࢎܳ ഛपೞѱ ҳ߹ೡ ࣻ ੓ب۾ ٜযࠁࣁਃ t ܻࣗо উ ٜܻח ؀न
ઑزࢎ੄ ݽ਺੉ ъઑػ׮ח ੼ਸ ӝরೞࣁਃ

℆ I do know. I don’t know.

ℇ She does mean that. She doesn’t mean that.

℆ doח زࢎܳ ъઑೞӝ ਤ೧ ॳ৓णפ׮ Ӓېࢲ [GX@ੑפ׮ زࢎܳ ъઑೞח do does
didח زࢎਗഋࠁ׮ ъઑ೤פ׮ ࠗ੿ޙੋ ҃਋ don’tח ъઑ೧ࢲ ݈೤פ׮ don’tח <ت౟>
о ইפۄ rب਍[GRXQ(W @sੑפ׮
ℇ does[G<]@ doesn’t[G ]Q(W @

052