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ؔࠢৈࢲ ݈ೞ੗ݶ ഫ߭ఠ੄ ؔࣅҗ ੿ࣻߓب ڙэ੉ ੿੄೤פ׮
1

1.3 ੉۠ Ѫب ׼ো൤ оמೞભ Ӓؘ۠ ਋ܻ ࢶࢤש਷ ചܳ շפ׮ ৵ભ ߭ఠ↟೯۳↟೯۳ध

ƒ

߭ఠܳ rױ૑s ं੗੄ ৌ۽ ׮ܘ׮ݶ ӒѪب ಞܻ೤פ׮ पઁ۽ ೯۳ ੘সী ౠചػ ೐۽Ӓې߁ ঱
যח Ӓ۞ೠ ো࢑ਸ ೡ ࣻ ੓ח ҃਋ب ݆਷ Ѫ эणפ׮ Ӓېب ࢶഋ؀ࣻ ੑ੢ীࢲ ࠁݶ ੉ח ৢ߄
ܰ૑ ޅೠ ߑߨੑפ׮ Ӓ ੉ਬח ઝ಴ ߸ജ ੺ җ ࢿѺ੉ ݏ૑ ঋӝ ٸޙੑפ׮ ׮਺ بधਸ
࢓ಝࠁѷणפ׮

যڃ ઝ಴҅ x y z যڃ ઝ಴҅ x y z

׮ܲ ઝ಴҅ xƍ yƍ zƍ ׮ܲ ઝ಴҅ xƍ yƍ zƍ

૑Ә যڃ ઝ಴҅ীࢲ x y z ৓׮Ҋ ೤द׮ ӒܻҊ x y zܳ ׮ܲ ઝ಴҅ী ಴അೞפ xƍ yƍ zƍ

۽ ߸೮׮Ҋ ೤द׮ п ߭ఠ੄ ৻ҙ੉ ߸೧ب ঱ઁա xƍ yƍ zƍ ח ࢿ݀೤פ׮ ੿ࣻߓী ؀೧ࢲ
ب эणפ׮ ؔࣅ੉ա ੿ࣻߓо ੿ా ো࢑ੋ ө״ੑפ׮ ૕ޙীࢲ ઁউೠ rࢿ࠙ՙܻ੄ ғࣅs੉ۄݶ
যڄөਃ যڃ ઝ಴҅ীࢲ xy zۄҊ ೧ب ׮ܲ ઝ಴҅۽ ੉زೞݶ xƍ yƍ zƍ о ؾפ׮ ࢶഋ؀ࣻ
ੑ੢ীࢲ ࠁݶ ਤ੄ ғࣅ xyח r؀࢚ Ӓ ੗୓੄ ࢿ૕s੉ ইצ rౠ੿ ઝ಴҅ীࢲ ৻ҙী ҙೠ ࢿ૕sী
ࠛҗೠ Ѫੑפ׮

߭ఠח x v e୊ۢ فԁ਍ Ӗॿ۽ ॵ׮Ҋ ডࣘ೤פ׮ Ӓր ं੗৬ ߭ఠܳ ഛप൤ ҳ߹ೞҊ ੄ध
ೞب۾ णҙਸ ٜ੉ӝ ਤ೧ࢲੑפ׮ झझ۽ ֢౟ী ੿ܻೡ ٸب ࢤۚೞ૑ ݈Ҋ x v e୊ۢ ԙ
T
فԁ਍ Ӗ੗۽ ॳب۾ ೤פ׮ ౠ൤ ৔߭ఠ ݽٚ ࢿ࠙੉ 0ੋ ߭ఠ ܳ o 0 0 ۄח ӝഐ۽
ॺפ׮ ژೠ 1 xח x۽ ઴ৈ ॳҊ x y ܳ x yۄҊ ઴ৈ ॺפ׮ 2x 3yۄҊ ॳݶ
2x 3y ୊ۢ ੿ࣻߓܳ ݢ੷ ҅࢑೤פ׮
ࣻ c cƍ ৬ ߭ఠ x yী ؀ೠ ׮਺җ э਷ ࢿ૕਷ rೠ׀ীs ঌ ࣻ ੓ਸ Ѫੑפ׮

1 ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 6 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎛ ⎞⎞
ccƍ x c cƍ x ৘ (23 ⋅ ) ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ = 23 ⎜ ⎟⎟
⎜
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 30 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 5 ⎠⎠
⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ ⎞
2
1x x ৘ 1 ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
3

039